Prostatic Artery Embolization Using 100–300-μm Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributable to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Single-Center Outcomes Analysis with Medium-Term Follow-up

PurposeTo report medium-term outcomes of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using 100–300-μm trisacryl gelatin microspheres to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to evaluate how cone-beam computed tomography-measured prostate gland volume (PGV), median lobe enlargement (MLE), age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) affect these results.Materials and MethodsSeventy-four consecutive patients who underwent PAE from April 2014 through August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) >12, Quality of Life (QoL) score >2, prostate gland volume (PGV) >40 mL, age older than 45 years, and medical therapy failure. Twelve patients were excluded for bladder pathology or prostate cancer. Patients (n = 62, age = 71.8 ± 9.3 years, CCI = 3.5 ± 1.7, PGV = 174 ± 110 mL) had pre-procedure IPSS = 22.4 ± 5.6, QoL score = 4.4 ± 0.9, and post-void residual (PVR) = 172 ± 144 mL. Post-procedure values were compared to baseline at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Associations between outcomes and PGV, MLE, age, and CCI were evaluated. Adverse event recording used Clavien-Dindo classification.ResultsOne month after PAE (n = 37), IPSS improved to 7.6 ± 5.2 (P < .0001) and QoL score improved to 1.7 ± 1.4 (P < .0001). At 3 months (n = 32), improvements continued, with IPSS = 6.4 ± 5.1 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 1.2 (P < .0001), PVR = 53 ± 41 mL (P < .001), and PGV = 73 ± 38 mL (P < .0001). Results were sustained at 6 months (n = 35): IPSS = 6.4 ± 4.1 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 1.2 (P < .0001), PVR = 68 ± 80 mL (P < .0001), PGV = 60 ± 19 mL (P < .001). At 12 months, patients (n = 26) had IPSS = 7.3 ± 5.5 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 0.8 (P <.0001), PVR = 89 ± 117 mL (P < .0001), PGV = 60 ± 48 mL (P < .01). At 24 months, patients (n = 8) had IPSS = 8.0 ± 5.4 (P < .0001), QoL score = 0.7 ± 0.5 (P < .0001), PVR = 91 ± 99mL (P = 0.17), and PGV = 30 ± 5mL (P = .11). Improvements were independent of PGV, MLE, age, and CCI. Two grade II urinary infections occurred.ConclusionsPAE with 100–300-μm microspheres produced sustained substantial improvements in LUTS, PGV, and PVR, which were independent of baseline PGV, MLE, age, or CCI.     

Evaluation of the Safety and Feasibility of Same-Day Holmium-166 -Radioembolization Simulation and Treatment of Hepatic Metastases

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of same-day treatment, including the simulation procedure for assessment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic distribution of the microspheres, with holmium-166 (¹⁶⁶Ho)-radioembolization.Materials and MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of patients included in the 4 prospective studies (HEPAR I, HEPAR II, HEPAR PLuS, and SIM) on ¹⁶⁶Ho-radioembolization. The technical success rate of the same-day treatment protocol, defined as the number of patients who completed the same-day treatment, was measured. Total in-room time, duration of the scout procedure, time to imaging, and duration of the treatment procedure were recorded. Reasons for discontinuation or adjustment of treatment were identified. Adverse events that occurred during the treatment day were recorded.ResultsOne hundred five of 120 scheduled patients completed the same-day treatment with ¹⁶⁶Ho-radioembolization (success rate, 88%). After the simulation procedure, treatment was cancelled in 15 patients because of extrahepatic deposition (n = 8), suboptimal tumor targeting (n = 1), unanticipated vascular anatomy (n = 5), and dissection (n = 1). In another 14 patients, the treatment plan was adjusted. The median total procedure time (ie, simulation, imaging, and treatment) was 6:39 hours:minutes (range, 3:58–9:17 hours:minutes). Back pain was a major same-day treatment-related complaint (n = 28).Conclusion¹⁶⁶Ho-radioembolization as a same-day treatment procedure is feasible in most selected patients, although treatment was adjusted in 12% of patients and cancelled in 12% of patients. This approach might be beneficial for a select patient population, such as patients needing a radiation segmentectomy.     

纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值比对可手术乳腺癌患者预后的影响

目的探讨纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值比(FAR)对可手术乳腺癌患者预后的影响。 方法依据纳入、排除标准，收集中国医学科学院北京协和医院2013年1～12月收治的520例Ⅰ～Ⅲ期可手术乳腺癌患者临床资料进行回顾性研究。在术前检测血浆纤维蛋白原和白蛋白水平。将纤维蛋白原与白蛋白质量浓度比值乘以100定义为FAR。根据受试者工作特征曲线确定FAR最佳临界值，并依据最佳临界值将受试者分为高FAR组(FAR>6.99)147例和低FAR组(FAR≤6.99)343例。采用Kaplan-Meier法和log-rank检验评估2组患者的DFS和OS，用Cox比例风险回归模型分析患者DFS和OS的影响因素。 结果log-rank检验显示，高FAR组患者的DFS和OS均比低FAR组差(χ²＝32.885、16.320，P均<0.001)。Cox比例风险回归模型单因素分析和多因素分析均显示：高FAR为患者DFS的独立危险因素(HR＝4.092，95%CI：2.425～6.903，P<0.001；HR＝4.226，95%CI：2.476～7.212，P<0.001);高FAR为患者OS的独立危险因素(HR＝3.907，95%CI：1.913～7.978，P<0.001；HR＝4.320，95%CI：2.087～8.942，P<0.001)。 结论术前高FAR患者的无疾病进展时间更短，OS率更低。术前FAR水平有望成为预测乳腺癌患者预后的有效指标。     

前列腺纤维化的研究进展

部分表现为下尿路症状(LUTS)的患者前列腺体积并不大,有证据支持前列腺纤维化是除BPH、平滑肌功能障碍之外,导致LUTS的原因之一。研究表明,前列腺纤维化的发生与各种原因导致的炎症、缺血缺氧、药物相关,具体机制涉及肌成纤维细胞的分化、聚集和活化。因此,抗炎、抗纤维化可能是治疗LUTS的潜在作用靶点。本文就前列腺纤维化的成因、诊断、与LUTS的关系及治疗进展作一综述。     

基于数据挖掘方法总结王树声教授治疗上尿路结石的用药经验

目的:运用中医传承辅助平台系统(V2.5)深入分析王树声教授治疗上尿路结石的用药经验，挖掘其核心经验 方组成和辨证用药规律。方法:收集王教授门诊治疗上尿路结石的治疗验方304 首，将方药信息录入系统，采用药物频次统计、 关联规则分析和熵聚类分析等方法分析处方用药规律。结果:304 首处方中涉及中药97 味，用药频次超过100 次的有14 味。所用药物药性多寒、温、平，药味多甘、苦，主归肝、肾、脾经；共得出25 组核心组合和9 首新处方。结论:王教授治疗 上尿路结石以益气固本、清热通淋为主，用药的关键在于“扶正固本”的把握和“祛邪通淋”的权衡，为临证用药和新方 开发提供参考。     

Same-Day Repeat Hepatopulmonary Shunt Measurement during Planning Angiography for Hepatic Radioembolization

This report describes a technique for measuring lung shunt fraction (LSF) twice in a single session during planning arteriography for radioembolization using low and standard dose technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (^99mTc-MAA). A patient with a 16.0 cm hepatocellular carcinoma and LSF of 70% was treated with lenvatinib for 4 weeks. Planning arteriography with administration of 0.5 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA was then performed. Arterial access was maintained while the LSF was calculated, which was persistently elevated at 54%. Embolization of arteriovenous shunts was performed during the same session and 5.0 millicuries of ^99mTc-MAA were administered. The repeat LSF was 29%. Successful radioembolization was subsequently performed.     

生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤对产妇产后盆底康复效果的影响

目的探讨生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤对产妇产后盆底康复效果的影响。方法将56例初产妇按随机数字表法分成对照组与研究组各28例。对照组给予补中益气汤治疗;研究组在对照组基础上联合生物反馈电刺激治疗,两组均治疗6周。观测盆底肌相关电压、盆底肌力、尿失禁率、性生活质量。结果治疗后,两组盆底电位均值均显著升高,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组尿失禁发生率显著降低,且显著低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、IV级肌力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组性生活质量高水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论生物反馈电刺激联合补中益气汤可有效促进产妇产后盆底康复,效果显著优于单独补中益气汤。     

Resultados preliminares de un trabajo multicéntrico a nivel nacional para el tratamiento de STUI secundario a hiperplasia benigna de próstata mediante el sistema con vapor de agua Rezūm®

Introduction and objectiveRezūm® system is a minimally invasive transurethral therapy that uses convective water vapor energy to ablate prostatic tissue. The objective is to report 1-year functional and security outcomes obtained by using this technique in real clinical practice.Material and methodsProspective study conducted in 5 Spanish hospitals for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH using the Rezūm® system. Patients with prostatic medium lobe (ML) and urethral catheter carriers were also included. Pre- and post-operative data were collected using IPSS, IIEF-5 and QoL questionnaires, flowmetry and post-void residual volume. Complications and retreatment rate at one-year follow-up were also reported.Results137 patients, including 64 with ML and 10 patients with urinary retention were treated. Median prostate volume was 50 cm³ (15-131). At 3 months follow-up, significant improvement was observed in IPSS (?6,37 points), Qmax (+4,95 mL/s) and QoL (?1,29); and was maintained until 12 months: ?10,78 points, +4,62 mL/s and ?2,73 respectively (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the sexual sphere. All complications were mild (≤ Clavien II). Retreatment rate at one year was 4%.ConclusionShort-term results of this technique are promising, showing improvement in terms of functional outcomes, with no impact on the sexual sphere or complications. Longer term follow-up should include treatment durability and comparison to standard BPH treatments.     

Estudio de sensibilidad de Escherichia coli productores de infecciones del tracto urinario comunitarias en Galicia. Período: 2016-2017

ObjectiveEscherichia coli (E. coli) is responsible for the majority of community urinary tract infections. The objective of the study is to know the sensitivity spectrum of E. coli in urinary tract infections to be able to recommend the appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment.DesignCross-sectional, multicentric, retrospective study.LocationGalician 8 public hospitals, practically the entire population of Galicia (Spain).Participants43,137 outpatients with urinary tract infection due to E. coli isolated in urine in 2016/2017.Main measurementsAnalyzed variables: demographic, minimum inhibitory concentration and interpretation of sensitivity according to CLSI criteria and resistance mechanisms. The antibiotics studied were: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefepime, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, cotrimoxazole, imipenem and ertapenem. The identification and sensitivity were made mainly by automated methods.ResultsThe percentages of non-sensitivity of E. coli isolates were: ampicillin 49.2%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 17.8%, cefotaxime 6.7%, cefepime 5.7%, ertapenem 0.04%, imipenem 0.05%, gentamicin 9,1%, ciprofloxacin 26.2%, fosfomycin 3.3%, nitrofurantoin 2.4% and cotrimoxazole 23.9%. The non-sensitivities were higher in men and as age increases. Six percent of E. coli were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.ConclusionsThe empirical treatment in Galicia for uncomplicated cystitis produced by E. coli in women continues to be nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. In men under 15 years of age, fosfomycin is indicated and in men older than 15 years, treatment in our environment should include culture and administer a 3rd generation oral cephalosporin empirically. Cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin are not recommended as empirical treatment because of their high resistance rates.     

针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺治疗中风后尿失禁的临床观察

[目的]观察针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺与常规针刺、常规针刺联合足运感区治疗中风后尿失禁的临床疗效差异。[方法]将90例患者随机分为治疗组、对照1组和对照2组,每组30例,治疗组予针刺足运感区结合膀胱体表相应投影区域电针围刺;对照1组参照全国高等中医药院校"十三五"规划教材《针灸治疗学》中有关"尿失禁"的治疗选穴;对照2组在对照1组的基础上联合足运感区针刺,每日上午行神经内科常规治疗,每日下午行中风后尿失禁的临床治疗,每次30 min,每周连续治疗6次,6次为1个疗程,疗程间休息1 d,共2个疗程。观察3组治疗前后尿失禁程度、尿失禁临床症状评分及日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分,并比较3组患者的临床疗效。[结果] 3组患者治疗后尿失禁程度、尿失禁临床症状评分及ADL评分均较前改善(均P0.05),治疗组对尿失禁程度及尿失禁临床症状评分的改善较其他两组更明显(P0.05),且治疗组和对照2组的ADL评分明显优于对照1组(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率为93.3%(30/28),优于对照1组76.7%(30/23)和对照2组83.3%(30/25,P0.05)。[结论]针刺足运感区结合局部电针围刺治疗中风后尿失禁疗效显著。